How US chip curbs accelerated China's rise in semiconductors

US restrictions on advanced semiconductors have inadvertently accelerated China's drive for self-sufficiency, creating a formidable 'good-enough' tech sector powering global markets. | Contesto: cronaca

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• How US chip curbs accelerated China's rise in semiconductors

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In a stark reversal of intent, sweeping US-led restrictions on the export of advanced semiconductors and chipmaking equipment to China have catalyzed a rapid and formidable expansion of the country's domestic semiconductor industry. Over the past several years, a series of escalating controls designed to curb China's access to cutting-edge technology have instead triggered a massive state-backed mobilization, redirecting capital and political will toward achieving technological self-reliance. The result, according to industry analysts and trade data, is a Chinese chip ecosystem that, while still lagging in the production of the world's most advanced processors, is now manufacturing vast quantities of 'good-enough' semiconductors that form the backbone of a significant portion of the global consumer electronics and industrial economy. The strategic pivot was neither subtle nor slow. Faced with barriers to purchasing high-end chips from companies like Nvidia or advanced lithography machines from ASML, Beijing doubled down on its long-standing "Made in China 2025" industrial policy. Hundreds of billions of dollars in state funding, subsidies, and favorable loans were funneled into domestic chip champions like SMIC and Yangtze Memory Technologies, as well as a sprawling network of smaller design houses and equipment suppliers. The goal shifted from integration into a global supply chain to the creation of a parallel, insulated one. "The restrictions acted as the ultimate clarion call," noted one Taipei-based semiconductor analyst. "It removed any ambiguity about the need for a domestic capability. Every boardroom and government ministry in China received the same message simultaneously." This concerted national effort has yielded significant, if asymmetric, results. China's chip production capacity, particularly for mature-node semiconductors, has surged. These chips, fabricated using older but highly refined 28-nanometer and above processes, are not suitable for the latest smartphones or AI training clusters. They are, however, the workhorse components for an enormous range of products: automobiles, home appliances, industrial robots, display panels, and basic...

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Categoria: cronaca