New 3D map of Universe could solve dark energy mystery

Astronomers unveil a groundbreaking 3D cosmic map, offering a potential key to understanding the accelerating expansion of the universe and the nature of dark energy. | Contesto: cronaca

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• New 3D map of Universe could solve dark energy mystery

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A new, unprecedented three-dimensional map of the universe has been constructed, providing astronomers with their most detailed view yet of the cosmos's large-scale structure. The map, derived from the latest observational data, charts the distribution of galaxies and matter across vast cosmic distances and epochs. While the full analysis of this monumental dataset is still underway, scientists believe it holds the potential to answer one of modern physics' most profound questions: the true nature of dark energy, the mysterious force driving the universe's accelerating expansion. The significance of this map lies in its ability to act as a cosmic fossil record. By measuring the positions and redshifts of millions of galaxies, researchers can trace how the universe has expanded over billions of years. The subtle patterns woven into this cosmic web—the voids, filaments, and clusters—encode the history of gravitational forces and the countervailing push of dark energy. Each data point contributes to a timeline of cosmic evolution, allowing scientists to measure the expansion rate at different points in the universe's history with unprecedented precision. This precision is crucial for testing the fundamental properties of dark energy. The prevailing model in cosmology, known as Lambda-CDM, posits dark energy as a constant force, represented by Einstein's cosmological constant. However, competing theories suggest dark energy could be dynamic, changing in strength over time or varying across space. The new 3D map provides the granular historical data needed to distinguish between these possibilities. If the expansion history revealed by the map deviates from predictions based on a constant dark energy, it would necessitate a radical revision of our understanding of fundamental physics. The construction of such a map represents a colossal international effort, combining observations from ground-based telescopes and space observatories. It builds upon decades of cosmological surveys, each adding more pieces to the puzzle. Previous maps have confirmed the accelerating expansion but left the driver of that acceleration shrouded in mystery. The latest dataset increases...

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Categoria: cronaca